Anti-Müllerian hormone receptor 2 (AMHR2) and C-Kit were two members of protein kinase which were reported increased in some cancers like ovarian carcinoma and breast cancer.
Furthermore, treatment of breast cancer cell lines, that lack the expression of c-KIT, with methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Azacytidine (5Aza-2dC) resulted in increased expression of c-KIT mRNA.
This article provides an overview on the biological pathways and biomarkers, including EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, ALK, ROS1, HER2, and KIT for targeted treatment of lung, gastrointestinal, colorectal, and breast cancers as well as malignant melanoma.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to quantify gene copy numbers of VEGFR2 and KIT in 83 primary human breast cancers including 31 TNBCs.
Successful examples of personalizing molecularly targeted therapies based on biomarkers include the use of trastuzumab in HER-2 overexpressing breast cancer and imatinib in c-KIT expressing gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
HER1 expression was observed in 54% of cases positive for basal cytokeratins (versus 11% of negative cases) and was associated with poor survival independent of nodal status and size. c-KIT expression was more common in basal-like tumors than in other breast cancers but did not influence prognosis.